Một số đặc điểm lâm sàng, căn nguyên sốt phát ban ở trẻ em

Abstract

Objective: To describe some clinical characteristics of rash and fever illnesses (RFI) and study on common etiologies of these diseases in children. Subject and method: 840 patients admitted in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital with symptoms of rash and fever during the period from July 2017 to June 2018. Prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study. Result: Clinical characteristics: Onset ages of RFI primarily under 5 years, boys more than girls, the highest peak in May and September. High fever and continuous high fever is prominent, duration of fever is usually < 7 days. Rash appears commonly after the onset of fever. Rash is generalized or mainly on the extrimites, rashes at the mouth or bottom usually caused by virus. Pattern of rashes: Disseminated (61.3%) and single, exanthem (72.3%), blanching rashes (39.8%) like maculopapular or papular rashes and vesicules (39.8%), enanthem rashes or vesicules mainly caused by virus. The major associated clinical symptoms are neurological and respiratory signs, 3 severe cases died or withdrew of treatment (0.4%). The percentage of duration of hospitalization < 7 days  is 84.2%, RFI not associated with infection has long duration of admission. Etiologies: Mainly by virus (89.0%), unknown etiology 3.2%. RFI with confimation diagnosis by paraclinical test accounts for 47.0%. Conclusion: The major etiologies of RFI in children in this study is virus, there is a proportion of unknown etiology cases, the rate of cases confirmed by paraclinical test is low. The rashes in RFI in childrean is various and not easy to differentiate the etiologies only by the morphologies of the rashes.