Kết quả bước đầu và các yếu tố liên quan đến điều trị ung thư vú thể dị sản giai đoạn chưa di căn xa tại Bệnh viện K

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the initial outcomes and factors associated with the treatment of non-metastatic metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) patients. Subject and method: A descriptive study (combined retrospective and prospective) was conducted on patients with stage I - III MBC at K Hospital from January 2019 to February 2024. Result: A total of 213 MBC patients had a mean age of 52, with the group aged ≥ 40 accounting for the majority (85.2%). Additionally, 133 patients (62.5%) were diagnosed at stage II, followed by 51 patients (23.9%) at stage I, and 29 patients (13.6%) at stage III. Regarding immunohistochemical (IHC) characteristics, the majority of patients presented with triple-negative breast cancer features, accounting for 76.5%; most patients had a Ki67 index ≥ 20%, with 209 patients accounting for 98.1%. The majority of patients underwent upfront surgery (164 patients, 76.9%), while 49 patients (23.1%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The median disease-free survival (DFS) of the study group was 48.7 months. Univariate analysis indicated that tumor size, stage at diagnosis, and the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were three prognostic factors for MBC. In multivariate analysis, the treatment strategy (neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus upfront surgery) was a statistically significant prognostic factor with p<0.001. Conclusion: MBC is an aggressive subtype, often diagnosed at a late stage, with tumors usually presenting at a large size at the time of diagnosis. Metaplastic breast cancer is typically triple-negative, leading to a poor prognosis. Standard treatment methods for breast cancer show limited efficacy in this patient group.