ISSN: 1859 - 2872
Morphological characteristics and correlations between clinical findings and ancillary parameters in the assessment of grade II upper eyelid hollowing in middle-aged Vietnamese women
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Abstract
Objective: To describe the morphological characteristics of grade II upper eyelid hollowing and evaluate the correlations between imaging-derived parameters and hollowing depth in middle-aged Vietnamese women. Subject and method: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 81 eyes of 41 Vietnamese women aged 40–65 years and was conducted between January 2024 and December 2025. Morphological characteristics were assessed by clinical examination. The hollowed area was measured on two-dimensional images using ImageJ; volume deficit was quantified using the Vectra XT
three-dimensional imaging system; and the D1 and D2 parameters were measured using ultrasonography. Result: The mean hollowing depth was 5.93 ± 0.83mm, and the mean pretarsal skin height was 7.80 ± 2.03mm. A pretarsal skin height of m ≥ 7mm was observed in 75.3% of eyes, and an m/N ratio of ≥ 1 was observed in 81.5%. Type II morphology was the most common pattern, accounting for 40.7% of eyes. Two or more eyelid creases were observed in 90.1% of eyes; bilateral eyelid crease asymmetry was present in 73.2% of patients; and mild upper eyelid skin excess was observed in 54.3% of eyes. The mean hollowed area was 224.83 ± 66.37mm², and the mean volume deficit was
0.948 ± 0.219mL. On ultrasonography, the mean D1 and D2 values were 0.24 ± 0.09cm and
0.29 ± 0.10cm, respectively. Hollowed area, volume deficit, and D1 were positively correlated with hollowing depth, whereas D2 was negatively correlated with hollowing depth (p<0.05). Conclusion: Grade II upper eyelid hollowing in middle-aged Vietnamese women is commonly characterized by type II morphology, increased pretarsal skin height, multiple eyelid creases, bilateral eyelid crease asymmetry, and mild upper eyelid skin excess. Parameters derived from two-dimensional imaging,
three-dimensional imaging, and ultrasonography correlate with hollowing depth and may contribute to the quantitative assessment of volume deficit and upper eyelid soft-tissue changes.
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References
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