Đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng bệnh nhân ung thư phổi không tế bào nhỏ giai đoạn IV được điều trị tại Bệnh viện Ung bướu Thanh hóa

Abstract

Objective: Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. However, variations in clinical and paraclinical characteristics have been observed across different geographic regions. This study aimed to describe the clinical and paraclinical features of lung cancer patients diagnosed and treated at Thanh Hoa Oncology Hospital, and to explore potential differences compared with other populations. Subject and method: A descriptive study was conducted on 73 patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer treated at Thanh Hoa Oncology Hospital from January 2023 to March 2026. Variables included clinical characteristics, imaging findings, histopathology, and tumor markers (CEA and CYFRA 21-1). Data were analyzed using R software. Result: The male-to-female ratio was 4.2:1, and 60% of patients had a history of smoking. Most patients had good performance status (PS 0-1: 82.2%). The most common presenting symptoms were persistent cough and chest pain. Primary tumors were predominantly located in the right lung (65.7%) and in peripheral regions (61.6%), with tumor size > 3cm in 75.4% of cases. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological subtype (71.2%). Common metastatic sites included pleura (39.7%), contralateral lung (38.3%), bone (26.0%), and liver (24.6%), while brain metastases were observed in 16.4% of patients. Elevated levels of CEA and CYFRA 21-1 were found in 69.9% and 60.2% of patients, respectively. No statistically significant difference in CEA elevation was observed between histological subtypes (p=0.19). Conclusion: Lung cancer in this cohort predominantly affected male smokers and was frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage with high rates of metastasis, particularly to the pleura and contralateral lung. Adenocarcinoma was the predominant histological subtype. These findings provide real-world data that may help optimize diagnostic and management strategies in similar settings.