Đặc điểm một số xét nghiệm huyết học và công thức nhiễm sắc thể ở người trưởng thành mắc lơ xê mi cấp tại Viện Huyết học Truyền máu - Trung ương năm 2024

Abstract

Objective: To describe the characteristics of selected hematological parameters and chromosomal karyotypes in adult patients with acute leukemia. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 422 patients aged ≥18 years who were newly diagnosed with acute leukemia according to the WHO 2016 criteria at the National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion from 01/01/ 2024 to 12/ 31/2024. Results: Among the 422 patients, 345 were diagnosed with AML and 77 with ALL. The AML group had a higher proportion of monocytes and a lower proportion of lymphocytes compared with the ALL group (p<0.05). The success rate of chromosomal culture was 82.7%, and chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 49.3% of patients. Patients without chromosomal abnormalities had higher peripheral white blood cell and neutrophil counts than those with chromosomal abnormalities (p<0.05). Some bone marrow parameters also differed among the chromosomal abnormality groups. Conclusion: Hematological and bone marrow parameters were associated with chromosomal abnormalities in patients with acute leukemia. The combined evaluation of hematological tests, bone marrow examination, and chromosomal analysis plays an important role in supporting diagnosis and prognostic assessment.