ISSN: 1859 - 2872
Relationship between the flexor retinaculum of the ankle and the tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery in adult vietnamese cadavers
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Abstract
Objective: To delineate the anatomical relationship of the flexor retinaculum (FR) with the tibial nerve (TN) and posterior tibial artery (PTA) in adult Vietnamese cadavers. Subject and method: Descriptive dissection of 60 lower limbs; lengths and coordinates measured with digital calipers; TN - FR, PTA - FR, and composite FR - TN - PTA patterns classified. Result: 60 limbs (36 male, 24 female), mean age 67.1 ± 8,4 years; mean MCT–GC axis length 66.34 ± 6.82mm. TN bifurcated within the FR in 76.7% (46/60; 14/60 above); PTA bifurcated entirely within the FR (60/60). Mean bifurcation coordinates: PTA with X = 36.8 ± 6.1mm, Y = -2.6 ± 8.6mm; TN with X = 26.8 ± 8.5mm, Y = 16,4 ± 11.9mm. TN – PTA patterns: Type I 41.7%, type II 35.0%, type III 8.3%, type IV 15.0%. Conclusion: The FR is a critical tarsal-tunnel landmark; the typical sub-FR bifurcations of the TN and PTA define relatively safe reference zones for ankle interventions and surgery.
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References
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