ISSN: 1859 - 2872
PD-L1 expression characteristics in colorectal adenocarcinoma
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Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health burden. The role of the tumor microenvironment and the immune checkpoint molecule Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a prognostic marker in colorectal adenocarcinoma remains a topic of controversy. Objective: To describe the expression characteristics of the PD-L1 marker in colorectal adenocarcinoma and to evaluate the correlation between PD-L1 expression and the clinical and histopathological features of the tumor. Subject and method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 80 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma at various disease stages, classified according to the 8th edition of the AJCC cTNM staging system, treated at the 108 Military Central Hospital from August 2023 to December 2024. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect PD-L1 expression using the Dako PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay monoclonal antibody. The correlation between PD-L1 status, assessed by the Combined Positive Score (CPS), and clinicopathological variables (age, gender, tumor location, histological grade, TNM stage, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, tumor necrosis) was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 statistical software, the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Result: Positive PD-L1 expression (CPS ≥ 1) was observed in 57 out of 80 cases (71.3%). Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant correlation between positive PD-L1 expression and poor differentiation (p = 0.003), advanced TNM stage (III/IV) (p = 0.001; OR = 0.04), and the presence of perineural invasion (p = 0.039; OR=3.7). No statistically significant association was found between PD-L1 expression and age, gender, tumor location, lymphovascular invasion, or tumor necrosis. Conclusion: mPD-L1 expression is a prognostic biomarker associated with poor outcomes and aggressive tumor biology in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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References
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