ISSN: 1859 - 2872
Clinical characteristics and subclassification of pain in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders
Main Article Content
Keywords
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) commonly cause muscle pain, limited mouth opening, and impaired mandibular function. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and categorize pain-related subgroups in patients with TMD. Subject and method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 120 patients diagnosed with TMD according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), who attended the clinic between March 2023 and July 2024. Patients self-assessed their pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Clinical examination and symptom classification based on DC/TMD Axis I were performed, grouping patients into: No pain, Myalgia, Arthralgia, and Combined Myalgia and Arthralgia. The Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Result: Myalgia (88.3%), limited mouth opening (80.8%), and arthralgia (75%) were the most common symptoms. The majority of patients were classified as having acute pain (76.7%). The distribution of pain subgroups significantly differed across pain duration groups (p<0.05). The combined pain group had the highest VAS scores, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Conclusion: Orofacial muscle pain was the most frequently reported symptom. The combined pain subgroup was predominant and was associated with higher pain intensity on the VAS.
Article Details
References
2. Lövgren A, Ilgunas A, Häggman-Henrikson B et al (2023) Associations between screening for functional jaw disturbances and patient reported outcomes on jaw limitations and oral behaviours. J Evid-Based Dent Pract 23: 101888. doi:10.1016/j.jebdp.2023.101888.
3. Winocur-Arias O, Friedman-Rubin P, Abu Ras K et al (2022) Local myalgia compared to myofascial pain with referral according to the DC/TMD: Axis I and II results. BMC Oral Health 22(1): 27. doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02048-x.
4. Boonstra AM, Schiphorst Preuper HR, Balk GA, Stewart RE (2014) Cut-off points for mild, moderate, and severe pain on the visual analogue scale for pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Pain 155(12):2545-2550. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.014.
5. Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E et al (2014) Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications: recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network* and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group†. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 28(1): 6-27.
6. Leeuw R de, Klasser GD, American Academy of Orofacial Pain (2018) Orofacial Pain: Guidelines for Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management; Leeuw, R. de, Klasser, G. D., Eds: 249-265. Sixth Edition. Quintessence Publishing; 2018.
7. Ângelo DF, Mota B, João RS, Sanz D, Cardoso HJ (2013) Prevalence of Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Registered in the EUROTMJ Database: A Prospective Study in a Portuguese Center. J Clin Med 12(10): 3553. doi:10.3390/jcm12103553.
8. Medin Ceylan C, & Cigdem Karacay B (2024) The relationship between the Oral Behavioral Checklist and the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale in temporomandibular joint pain. J Oral Health Oral Epidemiol. 12(3): 112-117. doi:10.34172/JOHOE.2023.19.
9. Nguyễn Hữu Nhân, Nguyễn Hữu Ân, Trần Ngọc Quảng Phi (2022) Đặc điểm lâm sàng trên bệnh nhân rối loạn khớp thái dương hàm. Tạp chí Học Việt Nam, 518(1). doi:10.51298/vmj.v518i1.3372.
10. Nguyễn Anh Tùng, Hoàng Việt Hải, Hoàng Kim Loan, Đinh Hoàng Anh (2025) Kết quả điều trị rối loạn thái dương hàm bằng máng nhai ổn định có sử dụng T-Scan hỗ trợ. Tạp chí Học Việt Nam, 546(3). doi:10.51298/vmj.v546i3.12685.
11. Nguyễn Mạnh Thành (2014) Đánh giá kết quả điều trị rối loạn thái dương hàm dưới bằng máng nhai ổn định. Tạp chí Y học thực hành.
12. Alpaslan C, Yaman D (2020) Clinical evaluation and classification of patients with temporomandibular disorders using ‘Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders.’ Acta Odontol Turc 37(1): 1-6. doi:10.17214/gaziaot.567544.
13. Østensjø V, Moen K, Storesund T, Rosén A (2017) Prevalence of Painful Temporomandibular Disorders and Correlation to Lifestyle Factors among Adolescents in Norway. Pain Res Manag 2017: 1-10. doi:10.1155/2017/2164825.
14. Nguyễn Văn Tâm (2021) Đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và một số yếu tố liên quan đến rối loạn thái dương hàm. Trường Đại học Y Hà Nội.
15. Xu L, Cai B, Lu S, Fan S, Dai K (2021) The Impact of Education and Physical Therapy on Oral Behaviour in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder: A Preliminary Study. Grassia V, ed. BioMed Res Int:1-7. doi:10.1155/2021/6666680.
16. Xu L, Cai B, Fan S, Lu S, Dai K (2021) Association of Oral Behaviors with Anxiety, Depression, and Jaw Function in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Med Sci Monit: 27. doi:10.12659/MSM.929985.
17. Vrbanović E, Dešković K, Zlendić M, Alajbeg IZ (2021) Profiling of Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders: Experience of One Tertiary Care Center. Acta Stomatol Croat 55(2): 147-158. doi:10.15644/asc55/2/4.
18. Ohrbach R, Fillingim RB, Mulkey F et al (2011) Clinical Findings and Pain Symptoms as Potential Risk Factors for Chronic TMD: Descriptive Data and Empirically Identified Domains from the OPPERA Case-Control Study. J Pain 12(11, Supplement):T27-T45. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2011.09.001.
19. Christidis N, Doepel M, Ekberg E, Ernberg M, Le Bell Y, Nilner M (2014) Effectiveness of a prefabricated occlusal appliance in patients with temporomandibular joint pain: a randomized controlled multicenter study. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 28(2): 128-137. doi:10.11607/ofph.1216.
Article Sidebar
