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Abstract

HCC was ranked as the sixth most common cancer in the world and was the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Therefore, the early diagnosis of HCC is essential for the most effective treatments and early detection of recurrence in order to increase the patients’ chances of survival. In addition to imaging devices such as ultrasound, CT, and MRI, biomarkers increasingly play a role in the early diagnosis of HCC. They help to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in cases of chronic hepatitis B, C or cirrhosis, to monitor patients after treatment and to detect recurrences. Along with AFP and AFP-L3, PIVKA II has been widely applied in early HCC detection, as this method provides the best diagnostic result with AUROC at 0.86. With the growing trend of applying markers in early cancer diagnosis, a number of markers continue to be launched such as M2BPGi, HBcrAg, AKR1B10, AXL, GP73, GPC3, etc. Among them M2BPGi and HBcrAg have been used in Viet Nam and they prove to be valuabe in HBV- related HCC management. Every technique and biomarker used to diagnose HCC has their advantages and disadvantages. So it is necessary to know how to use each of them properly, accurately, and effectively.